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=== Today on Mars: 0038/23/27 Friday Days of the week OFFSET 4 with Earth. (count from Mars to Earth ) Sol 640 Business Month 23 Fifth month of Quarter 4 of Year 38 Today on Earth: 2026/09/01 Tuesday Earth Date) >16 To see how this calendar works, we show the standard 28 day month at the bottom of this daily report. There are 20 months of 28 Sols and 4 months of 27 Sols at the end of the four six-month quarters. New Years Eve is extended to align the Business Calendar for Mars with the Astronomical calendar. Business and Astronomical both start at zero (to the nanosecond) on New Year's Day. This calendar has been in operation for two full Mars years (36 and 37). We are in Year 38 This calendar is NOT the Darian Calendar! Per http://www-mars.lmd.jussieu.fr/mars/tim … _time.html also see: in-the-sky.org for opposition/perigee/aphelion Martian Year: 38 Martian Astronomical Interval in 12 interval format: 12 Note that Solar Longitude measurement varies as a function of location in orbit. Ls 0 is the moment when the Sun appears to transit from one hemisphere to the other. Update from Mars.NASA.gov (The Sun crosses the equator of Mars (Vernal Equinox)). The transition itself is a function of the tilt of an object with respect to the Solar plane. Per squarewidget.com, Hipparchus created the celestial coordinate system we use today. Note#2: https://theskylive.com/mars-tracker This web site shows the astronomical position of Mars as seen from Earth Todo: At next Aphelion/Perihelion re

In August and September of 2026, members Void, Calliban and RobertDyck have been adding to our store of knowledge about food production without agriculture and even (in some cases) without photosynthesis. This topic is about Acetate. This post is about the meaning of the word. It turns out there are several categories of substances that are considered to be within the "acetate" family. AI Overview The commercial value of acetate is massive, spanning tens of billions of dollars globally across multiple chemical derivatives and specialized end-use industries. Because "acetate" can refer to acetic acid, industrial monomers, solvent esters, or consumer polymers, its exact value depends heavily on the specific market form. Total Market Size by Type The commercial market for acetate and its direct precursors is segmented into several multi-billion dollar categories: Acetic Acid (Precursor): Valued at $16.9 billion. It acts as the core chemical building block. Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM): Valued at $12.3 billion. It is the largest downstream derivative of acetic acid. Cellulose Acetate (Polymer): Valued between $1.92 billion and $6.85 billion depending on definitions. This form is popular for consumer goods and textiles. Acetate Esters (Solvents): Individual solvent markets like N-Butyl Acetate and Ethyl Acetate are valued at roughly $1.16 billion and $4.0+ billion respectively. Market Overview and Commodity Prices To understand how its commodity value translates to industrial trade

(th) has posted a inquiry about my previous post. Here it is: https://newmars.com/forums/viewtopic.ph … 97#p241297 To start with a shortcut, I will offer the contrast, Oxygen/Free Oxygen, and Aerobic/Anerobic. So, I guess what I way trending towards was Aerobic Electroliers and Anerobic Electrolizers. I suppose I would speculate that it could be said that splitting Oxygen and Hydrogen from water might be Aerobic. It appears that there are ways to use an Electrolier to produce both Acetate and Oxygen. I already had seen what I interpreted as a method to produce Hydrogen from Organic Waste using an electrolier. In that case expensive membranes are not required as Oxygen does not need to be separated from the Hydrogen. So, I speculated that Acetate which seems to be a fuel, might be produced in a similar manner. I was reaching. But it seems it can be done. Query: "Producing Acetate using an Electrolier and Organic waste?" Quote: Copilot Search Branding Like Dislike Producing Acetate from Organic Waste Using Electrolysis You can produce acetate from organic waste by combining electrochemical CO₂ reduction (CO₂RR) with bioconversion of waste organics. This approach leverages renewable electricity and low-cost feedstocks to create a sustainable acetate supply. 1. Electrochemical CO₂-to-Acetate Recent research shows that CO₂ electrolysis can directly produce acetate at the cathode when using appropriate catalysts cdn.prod.website-files.com cdn.prod.website-files.com . The process: U

NewMarsMember@gmail.com portal is open for business. We had TWO new message(s) this morning. NO email(s) were sent. One was from ChatGPT. The other was LinkedIn with a sample of member posts: E. Michael Fincke Astronaut | Professor| Startup Advisor| Speaker|… After exactly 30 years (to the day!), I am departing NASA, but I remain deeply committed to the work of… see more To apply for membership, please write newmarsmember@gmail.com For existing registered members who have lost your password ... If you remember the email address you used to register, you can request a recovery email at that address. If you no longer have the email available (as could happen over 20+ years) just write to NewMarsMember@gmail.com email address. Your request will be forwarded to SpaceNut, who has the tools available to assist as needed. The images server at http://new-mars.org/phpBB3 is working. NewMars members enrolled include: Site Administrator (shared by kbd512 and tahanson43206) GW Johnson kbd512 tahanson43206 SpaceNut Calliban All members of NewMars are welcome to open an account in the Newmars image server. Update: If a member of ** this ** forum applies for an account on the Image Server, please let us (Admins) know, so we can look for your User ID in the waiting room. The Azure VM is responding once again. I suspect it had gone to sleep due to dis-use. Microsoft said it would pull the plug on or about November 14th of 2025, but it has not yet done so. The non-response was due to the route

NewMarsMember@gmail.com portal is open for business. We had TWO new message(s) this morning. NO email(s) were sent. One was from ChatGPT. The other was LinkedIn with a sample of member posts: E. Michael Fincke Astronaut | Professor| Startup Advisor| Speaker|… After exactly 30 years (to the day!), I am departing NASA, but I remain deeply committed to the work of… see more To apply for membership, please write newmarsmember@gmail.com For existing registered members who have lost your password ... If you remember the email address you used to register, you can request a recovery email at that address. If you no longer have the email available (as could happen over 20+ years) just write to NewMarsMember@gmail.com email address. Your request will be forwarded to SpaceNut, who has the tools available to assist as needed. The images server at http://new-mars.org/phpBB3 is working. NewMars members enrolled include: Site Administrator (shared by kbd512 and tahanson43206) GW Johnson kbd512 tahanson43206 SpaceNut Calliban All members of NewMars are welcome to open an account in the Newmars image server. Update: If a member of ** this ** forum applies for an account on the Image Server, please let us (Admins) know, so we can look for your User ID in the waiting room. The Azure VM is responding once again. I suspect it had gone to sleep due to dis-use. Microsoft said it would pull the plug on or about November 14th of 2025, but it has not yet done so. The non-response was due to the route

For Void re series on non-agricultural food production.... I was curious to know the chemical formula of acetate. The chemical formula for acetate is \(\text{C}_2\text{H}_3\text{O}_2^-\) (or written as \(\text{CH}_3\text{COO}^-\) to show its structure).Key FactsType: Negative ion (anion). Carbon atoms: 2 Hydrogen atoms: 3 Oxygen atoms: 2 Charge: Minus one (-1).To help me give you more relevant information, could you tell me if you need this for a specific chemical equation, a homework problem, or to understand a particular compound like sodium acetate? In your post you said: My understanding of it is that you could produce Hydrogen, and I presume Acetate, without dealing with Oxygen, which seems to make it easier. Our readers might be curious to know what you had in mind? The suffix "ate" usually means oxygen is present in a molecule. I was curious about the suffix, and learned about "ite" as a suffix as well: AI OverviewThe suffix -ate in a chemical name means the compound is an oxyanion (a negatively charged polyatomic ion containing oxygen), or a salt/ester derived from an -ic acid, and it usually indicates a higher number of oxygen atoms or a higher oxidation state compared to the corresponding -ite suffix. Key Meanings and Rules Presence of Oxygen: It tells you that the polyatomic ion contains a central atom bonded to oxygen atoms. Comparison to -ite: When a nonmetal forms two common oxyanions, the one with more oxygen atoms ends in -ate, while the one with fewer ends in

SpaceX test-fires Starship Super Heavy booster ahead of critical Flight 14 (video)

SpaceX test-fires Starship Super Heavy booster ahead of critical Flight 14 (video)

Roman telescope leaves its rocket behind | Space photo of the day for Aug. 31, 2026

In this post I asked Gemini to add a bit more information about the Sun's position at Noon. I did not realize (for example) that the shape we see on our globes was not discoverable until the invention of accurate time recording machinery. Please render your reply in BBCode for our elderly parser. I think this glimpse of history of astronomy and time keeping will be of interest to our readers. As a reminder you can use 'h' (header) to increase font size. All colors appear to work. 'list' is for itemized text. The History of the Analemma and Timekeeping The journey to mapping the subsolar trace—what we now call the analemma—is directly tied to the history of precision timekeeping and mechanical clocks. Why Sundials Masked the Pattern For thousands of years, humans relied on sundials. A sundial measures apparent solar time, defining 12:00 PM as the exact moment the Sun reaches its highest point in the sky (solar noon). Because the sundial forces noon to happen at the exact same relative angle every day, it completely hides the horizontal east-west drift caused by orbital speed changes. While ancient Greek, Babylonian, and Mayan astronomers understood the seasonal north-south movement between the tropics, they could not observe the characteristic loop of the analemma. The Pendulum Clock Breakthrough Discovering the true shape required an independent, uniform timekeeper. 1656 – Pendulum Clock Invented: Christiaan Huygens invented the pendulum clock, providing humanity with its fir

In this post I asked Gemini to add a bit more information about the Sun's position at Noon. I did not realize (for example) that the shape we see on our globes was not discoverable until the invention of accurate time recording machinery. Please render your reply in BBCode for our elderly parser. I think this glimpse of history of astronomy and time keeping will be of interest to our readers. As a reminder you can use 'h' (header) to increase font size. All colors appear to work. 'list' is for itemized text. The History of the Analemma and Timekeeping The journey to mapping the subsolar trace—what we now call the analemma—is directly tied to the history of precision timekeeping and mechanical clocks. Why Sundials Masked the Pattern For thousands of years, humans relied on sundials. A sundial measures apparent solar time, defining 12:00 PM as the exact moment the Sun reaches its highest point in the sky (solar noon). Because the sundial forces noon to happen at the exact same relative angle every day, it completely hides the horizontal east-west drift caused by orbital speed changes. While ancient Greek, Babylonian, and Mayan astronomers understood the seasonal north-south movement between the tropics, they could not observe the characteristic loop of the analemma. The Pendulum Clock Breakthrough Discovering the true shape required an independent, uniform timekeeper. 1656 – Pendulum Clock Invented: Christiaan Huygens invented the pendulum clock, providing humanity with its fir

This post contains a Python script created by Gemini to compute the subsolar point on Mars, based upon the Longitude reading we obtain each day from our French Mars reference web site. import math def calculate_subsolar_latitude(solar_longitude_deg): """ Calculates the Martian subsolar latitude (in degrees) given the Solar Longitude (L_s in degrees). """ # Mars axial tilt (obliquity) in degrees mars_obliquity_deg = 25.19 # Convert angles from degrees to radians for trigonometric functions obliquity_rad = math.radians(mars_obliquity_deg) ls_rad = math.radians(solar_longitude_deg) # Fundamental formula: sin(subsolar_lat) = sin(obliquity) * sin(L_s) sin_subsolar_lat = math.sin(obliquity_rad) * math.sin(ls_rad) # Calculate arcsin to get latitude in radians, then convert to degrees subsolar_lat_rad = math.asin(sin_subsolar_lat) subsolar_lat_deg = math.degrees(subsolar_lat_rad) return subsolar_lat_deg # Example Usage: # Pass the daily Solar Longitude (L_s) reading from your feed daily_ls = 161.0 # Example L_s value latitude = calculate_subsolar_latitude(daily_ls) # Format output for convenience hemisphere = "N" if latitude >= 0 else "S" print(f"Solar Longitude (L_s): {daily_ls}°") print(f"Subsolar Latitude: {abs(latitude):.2f}° {hemisphere}") The key information is given in this equation: mars_obliquity_deg = 25.19 The inclination of Mars is given as 25.19 degrees. On September 1 of 2026, the Longitude of Mars was 344.3 degrees. Year 38 will end when Mars reaches 360 degrees. (th)